Abnormalities and Other Changes on Wolly Mammoth Bones from Central Europe 32,000 to 20,000 years ago

Alina Krzemińska (2014)

Abnormalities and Other Changes on Wolly Mammoth Bones from Central Europe 32,000 to 20,000 years ago – a monograph.

Abnormalities and Other Changes on Wolly Mammoth Bones from Central Europe 32,000 to 20,000 years ago – a monograph 106 pp., hardback, ISBN 978-83-61358-60-2

The monograph is a study of abnormalities and other changes on bone of woolly mammoths from Central Europe 32,000 to 20,000 years ago. The examination included mammoth bones from Kraków Spadzista (Poland), Milovice I, Dolní Vĕstonice I, and Předmostí (all three in the Czech Republic). The material studied amounts to over 100,0000 bones. The results are illustrated by 77 color plates comprising about 200 photographs. The bone changes fall into two main groups: ontogenetic and pathological & posttraumatic. The first group comprises unusually developed bones, asymmetry, and bone fusions, while the second group those which developed in response to injuries, infections, inflammmations, tumors, or metabolic disorders. Information from all previously published articles and relevant cases from literature are included.